Occlusion: The Functional Balance of the Smile
What is Occlusion?
Occlusion refers to the way the upper and lower teeth fit together when the mouth is closed. This specific area of dentistry focuses on analysing, diagnosing and treating disorders related to dental occlusion and its relationship with the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and the other structures that make up our mouths. As the mouth is a complex organ and is responsible for such fundamental functions as speech and chewing, occlusion problems not only affect oral health, but also the general health and well-being of patients, which is why accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are essential.
The most common symptoms of occlusal problems or temporomandibular disorders (TMD) include: orofacial pain and feelings of muscle tension or fatigue; clicking, limitation or even blockage when opening and closing the mouth; difficulty chewing; headaches and migraines; neck and ear pain; fractures and tooth wear. The close relationship with respiratory function means that sleep-related problems are also common.
Since occlusal problems can be multifactorial, it is essential to carry out a diagnosis with the most comprehensive approach possible, which includes clinical observation of the patient and a survey of their entire medical history, as well as the use of various complementary means of diagnosis such as X-ray or CT, MRI or even polysomnography - Sleep Study. At MALO CLINIC we have the most advanced digital diagnostics that allow us to record movements (kinesiography), strength (electromyography) and bite balance in real time.
Benefits of Occlusion Treatment for Oral Health
Pain Reduction
Malocclusion can influence body posture. Due to the connection between the jaw and the cervical spine, certain bite problems can be reflected in headaches, ear, back and neck pain.
Improved chewing function
Functionally adequate chewing is essential for the health of the digestive system. By making chewing more efficient, gastrointestinal problems are prevented and the correct absorption of nutrients is promoted.
Improved general health
Correct occlusion contributes to general health, preventing problems associated with poor posture and ongoing muscle tension.
Improved sleep quality
Occlusal problems are often the cause of sleep disorders such as apnea. Treatment provides more restful nights and consequently an improvement in sleep quality and recovery levels.
Preservation of dental teeth
One of the main consequences of bruxism is tooth wear, and in extreme cases fractures can even occur. Treating bruxism prevents premature wear or loss of teeth, extending their lifespan.
What pathologies can it treat?
Bruxism
Bruxism is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, often during sleep. It can lead to tooth wear, headaches, muscle pain and TMJ disorders. Treatment can include the use of relaxing night drops, relaxation techniques and occlusal adjustments.
Dysfunction of the TMJ
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction can cause jaw pain, clicking, limitations in opening and closing the mouth and headaches. Treatment can involve physiotherapy, therapy with occlusal plates, anti-inflammatory medication and, in more serious cases, surgery.
Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a condition in which breathing is interrupted during sleep, often due to a collapsed airway. Custom-made oral devices can help keep the airways clear, improving sleep quality and general health.
Malocclusion
Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and dental arches, which can make chewing difficult, cause pain and wear teeth down. Orthodontic treatment is often used to correct these problems.
Muscle disorders
Muscle disorders related to occlusion can include pain in the masticatory muscles, spasms and muscle fatigue. Treatment can involve physical therapy, specific exercises and the use of muscle relaxation devices.
Orofacial pain
Localised pain in the face, mouth and jaw can have various causes, including occlusion problems. Proper diagnosis and treatment can relieve this pain, improving patients' quality of life.
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FAQ's
1. What causes bruxism?
Bruxism is a multifactorial condition whose causes are difficult to isolate and can vary from person to person. Some of the most common causes include: stress, anxiety, dental malocclusion problems, sleep disorders, and even the ingestion of certain medications or other stimulating substances. Identifying the underlying cause is key to effective treatment.
2. How do I know if I have TMJ dysfunction?
Symptoms include headaches, pain in the face and jaw, difficulty chewing, and clicking or noises when opening and closing the mouth. If you experience any of these symptoms, make an appointment for an assessment.
3. Can sleep apnea be treated by a dentist?
Yes, although the vast majority of people consult other specialists before going to the dentist, the truth is that most cases of sleep apnea are caused by occlusal dysfunction. At MALO CLINIC we carry out sleep studies to diagnose the existence of apnea episodes, which tend to decrease significantly with the use of certain oral devices that keep the airways open during sleep.
4. Are occlusion treatments painful?
Most occlusion treatments are minimally invasive and painless. Our priority is to ensure patient comfort throughout the process.
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