Crossbite

Crossbite

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About Crossbite - What is it?

In a normal situation, when we place our teeth in a closed mouth position, the teeth of the lower jaw ‘close’ inside the antagonist teeth of the upper jaw. When the opposite happens, in which one or more upper jaw teeth close inside the lower jaw teeth, then we have a crossbite situation. Crossbite can be unilateral, if this inversion in the closing of the teeth only occurs on one side of the jaw, or bilateral, if it involves both sides.

Consulta no dentista para o tratamento da mordida cruzada.

Crossbite can be related to genetic, functional and environmental factors. Some of the common causes include anomalies in the development of the jaws or congenital bone abnormalities, mouth breathing, irregular chewing patterns and even the premature loss or prolonged permanence of milk teeth. Certain habits such as thumb sucking or prolonged dummy use can also be related to this pathology. It's important to diagnose crossbite early and start treatment to avoid future complications.

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Possible symptoms caused by crossbite

For children

In children and adolescents, the existence of a crossbite can jeopardise the normal development of the facial bones, and in cases of unilateral crossbite there is often facial asymmetry. It can also cause changes in phonation (pronunciation of words), chewing and even breathing.

For adults

In addition to the aesthetic problem that can impact the patient's self-esteem, the vast majority of symptoms associated with crossbite are related to TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) dysfunction, which can lead to headaches and joint pain, clicking or limitations when opening and closing the mouth, as well as ringing in the ears. Inadequate contact between teeth can also be associated with other symptoms such as tooth fractures and wear, as well as gum recession.

Crossbite Treatment

When it comes to treating crossbite, the approach varies substantially depending on the stage of life at which the diagnosis is made and the treatment planned.

Treatments for children:

Since without any intervention there will be no regression of this type of malocclusion, treatment should begin as early as possible and as soon as the child is old enough to co-operate. Treatment at an early age can involve the placement of a track, a removable orthopaedic appliance with expanding screws in the roof of the mouth or the placement of a palatal breaker. The aim is to expand the jaw, correcting the discrepancy between the jaws. By intervening at the level of form, it is possible to re-educate the entire neuromuscular system of the mouth and face, restoring chewing and speech functions correctly and harmoniously.

Treatments in adults:

It's important to note that the treatment of crossbite in adults can take longer than in children or adolescents, due to the more rigid nature of the facial bone structure. However, with proper monitoring and patient co-operation, it is possible to achieve satisfactory results and a functional, healthy bite in adults.

Intervention mainly involves the use of fixed orthodontic appliances, which in some situations can be combined with removable orthopaedic appliances.

Very exceptional and extremely complex cases of crossbite in adults may require a surgical approach. This usually involves correcting the position of the jaws using procedures such as orthognathic surgery.

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FAQ's

1. What are the causes of crossbite?
The causes can be varied, including genetic factors, oral habits such as thumb-sucking or prolonged dummy use, and abnormal growth of the jawbone.
2. What are the symptoms of a crossbite?
Symptoms can include chewing difficulties, uneven tooth wear, jaw pain, headaches and, in severe cases, problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
3. Can crossbite be corrected at any age?
Yes, although it is most effective to correct this condition during childhood, many adults can also benefit from treatment by regaining a healthy, functional bite and avoiding more complex situations in the future.
4. What happens if I don't treat my crossbite?
As a serious malocclusion problem, this pathology should ideally be treated early in childhood so that it doesn't influence the entire process of facial growth and development. If there is no intervention, asymmetrical growth of the face or displacement of the mandible is more likely to occur, which in addition to the obvious aesthetic impact will have other consequences in the future, such as chronic pain in the mandible and the development of TMJ pathologies. In addition to tooth wear, it is also important to note that patients with a crossbite are more likely to develop tooth decay and periodontal disease, due to the difficulty in performing proper hygiene.
5. How long does it take to correct a crossbite?
Treatment time will always depend on the severity of the problem and the age at which it starts. Thus, the average treatment time can range from a few months to 2-3 years, depending in the case of children and adolescents also on the natural evolution of jaw growth and the eruption of permanent teeth.
6. Can the crossbite return after treatment?
With proper treatment and the use of retainers after removing orthodontic appliances, the chance of recurrence is minimal. However, it is important to follow the dentist's recommendations and go for regular check-ups to detect any possible problems early on.

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